Semantic 3D Models and Virtual Environments for Narrating and Learning the Heritage’s Cultural Contents

This paper investigates how semantic 3D models, virtual reality, and augmented reality can improve the communication and learning of architectural heritage through a human-centered design approach. Rather than focusing only on technological performance, the study emphasizes the cognitive relationship between users and digital space, proposing immersive environments that adapt to perceptual and educational needs. The research develops a digital twin capable of revealing not only visible architectural forms but also hidden semantic contents such as geometry, decorative systems, historical transformations, and spatial hierarchies. Through photogrammetric surveys, panoramic imaging, and simplified three-dimensional modelling, the author creates an interactive VR tour in which lighting, animation, color, and guided narration progressively direct user attention toward relevant elements. The methodology is tested through staged virtual experiences that support orientation, memorization, and emotional engagement. The study demonstrates that carefully designed immersive environments can reduce cognitive barriers, expand museum accessibility, and transform digital representation into an effective pedagogical tool for heritage interpretation.